In order to find resistance sources to Fusarium ear rot among Early maturity maize lines and hybrids, an experiment was carried out with 20 different genotypes arranged in RCBD with two replications in Karaj and Sari Agricultural Stations during 2003 and 2004. In these investigations all ears of plants were inoculated by nail punch technique at flowering stage. At physiological maturity, evaluation was conducted using disease severity index (1-6). The results of combined analysis showed significant differences among genotypes for disease severity. Frequency of genotypes, resistant to Fusarium ear rot was %10. Based on ranking of genotypes, K SC 500, K SC 302 and K SC 400 were moderately resistant hybrids, while KE 76009/1-2-1-2 and KE 77005/1-5-1 were the most resistant and the most susceptible lines, respectively.

Fajr (KSC 260) is an Early maturity grain maize hybrid that has been developed from a cross between two inbred lines (K1264/5-1´K615/1). This cross was carried out in 1998, for the first time. Several Characteristics of Fajr hybrid were studied in different trials (preliminary, semi final, final and on-farm trails) over several locations during 1998 to 2005. The mean grain yield of the hybrid over all trials was 10.7tha-1 with a reasonable stability. It is earlier in maturity than commercial late and medium maturity grain maize hybrids such KSC704 and KSC647, in Iran. Its crop stand is uniform and attractive, leaves and stalks are green at maturity. Ears are thin but kernels are long, grain moisture at harvest is very low, therefore it is suitable for second crop in temperate zones of Iran. The Fajr hybrid was officially introduced in March 2008.

An experiment was conducted in order to study the effects of drought stress on Early maturity of fall safflower (LVR 51-51 cultivar) in isfahan region with water deficiency by several drought stress level (increase of irrigation period in the form of irrigation after 75, 105, 140, 175 milimeter evaporation from class A pan and cut of irrigation at the different stages at the start and of flowering and physiological maturity). Experiment was conducted in Khorasgan Islamic Azad University Research Station at the north-east of Isfahan in the method of the randomize complete block design with split plot layout during 2004-2005 years. Results showed that water deficiency by increase of irrigation period had no significant effect on the fall safflower canopy and only reduced number days to flowering (9 days), but cut irrigation was caused reduce significantly of grain thousand weight, kernel yield, grain yield and oil yield, also number days to maturity were reduce 25 and 23 days in cut irrigation treatments in Early of flowering and end of flowering stages respectively, although grain yield were reduce 714 and 428 kg/ha in treatments respectively.

Common smut is one of the most prevalent fungal diseases of maize which causes high qualitative and quantitative losses on yield. One of the best controlling methods of the disease is use of resistant hybrids. In order to evaluate the resistance of 18 Early maize genotypes, an experiment was carried out in RCBD with two replications at Karaj, Isfahan, and Mashhad. Inoculation of the ears was done by syrange (3ml spore/ear) at silking stage. Disease severity on ears was assessed 3-4 weeks after appearance of the first disease symptoms. The results of combined analysis of variance and mean comparison showed differences in disease severity among examined materials. Based on disease severity (0-7), the responses of genotypes were ranked in five groups (highly resistance to highly susceptible). Line KE 72012/12 was highly resistant and OH43/1-42 susceptible. K 1264/5-1 ´ K 615/1 and KE 72011/1 ´ K 1264/5-1 were susceptible and resistant hybrids, respectively.

Dehghan (KSC 400) is an Early-medium maturity grain maize hybrid that has been developed from a cross between two inbred lines (KE72012/12´K1263/1). This cross was carried out in 1997, for the first time. The characteristics of Dehghan hybrid were studied in different trials (preliminary, semi final, final and on farm trials) in several locations during 1997 to 2005. The mean grain yield of the hybrid over all trials was 10.8 tha-1 with a reasonable stability. It is earlier in maturity than commercial late and medium maturity grain maize hybrids such KSC704 and KSC647 in Iran. Leaves and stalks of Dehghan hybrid are green at maturity, its grain moisture at harvest is low, therefore it is suitable for late cultivation as second crop in temperate zones of Iran. The hybrid of Dehghan grain maize hybrid was officially introduced in March 2008.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a comprehensive maturity model for command and control. For this purpose, the inductive research method has been used to design the maturity model. Thus, firstly, the most prominent maturity models in command and control, including the conceptual maturity model, the headquarters maturity model, the NATO model, and the maturity model of integrated command and control centers (ICCCs) were analyzed. Among the studied models, the NATO model is more comprehencive, so we chose it as a basis for developing our model. Then, the stages and variables of maturity were analyzed using the focus group method. The findings of the research show that some important characteristics of the command and control maturity  have been neglected in the basic model. Therefore, the innovation of this research is to add new features to achieve a more comprehensive model. The result is a model containing 5 levels and 20 variables. Validation of the model has been done through comparative study and focus group method, which should be further strengthened by case studies and survey researches.

In order to evaluation of morphological traits and essential oil yield in wild chamomile (Tanacetum parthenium (L) Schultz-bip. ), 61 populations were sown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in Alborz research station in Karaj, Iran during 2012-2014. Data were collected and analyzed for length and width of canopy diameter, plant height, number of flower, shoot fresh and dry weight, growth degree days (GDD), essential oil percentage and essential oil yield. Mean comparison of the traits showed that population of 26500-Hamadan with fresh-dry weight as (15545, 6218) kg/ha, respectively, had higher areal yield. The highest amount of essential oil percentage and essential oil yield with average values of 1. 03% and 22. 30 kg/ha were obtained in populations of 14340-Hamadan and 27158-Foman, respectively. Population of the 29813-Boyer Ahamad with 417◦ C had lowest GDD and with (65 days to flowering) had lowest time of flowering. They were considered as Early maturity population compare with other populations. From the result of this study, it was concluded that the earlier maturity populations with higher shoot yield coupled with higher both essential oil percentage and essential oil yield were recommended for produce new improved varieties and cultivation in dryland farming system in Alborz and Zagross regions, Iran.

Five rice genotypes (Hassani, Dailamani, Shastak-mohammadi, Sange-tarom and Daei-shastak) and their 10 hybrids obtained through half a diallel set were evaluated for combining ability and gene effects studies of Early maturity and yield traits. Single seedlings of each entries were transplanted at 20×20 cm spacing in 2×4 m2 plots using a randomized block design with three replications during 2004-2005 at research station of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were calculated for these agronomic traits. The results showed significant difference between general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for the investigated characters. This indicates the role of additive and non-additive gene effects in inheritance of the traits. Also the results showed that selection for Early maturity and yield characters can’t well succeed, because of there were a high amount of non-additive gene effects in the genetic variance. Thus, these characters were important for production of hybrid variety and application of heterosis. In this study, investigation of graphic Wr-Vr analysis for Early maturity indicated overdominance effect because the regression line intercepted the Wr axis at negative point (a=-6.64). The GCA effects of each parent for these traits showed that the Daei-shastak is good general combiner for yield.